(2016·湖北省八校联考)We do not usually think about how our language works. Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works. When we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations. Words can mean so many different things. However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.
First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular. For example, the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream. It can also be used to discuss a neighbor's dog. No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterday” and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”. This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words. So, when you have a conversation with your neighbor, the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word “dog” probably means in that situation.
The speaking situation also helps make language clearer. For example, the word “bank” has two possible meanings. It can mean “a place where people keep money”， but it can also mean “the side of a river”. So the sentence “I went to the bank” is not clear. It could mean I went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my money is kept. However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that “bank” means “the side of a river”.
The things that speakers say may not always be clear. Sometimes the words are not very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning. Other times words may have many meanings. Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning. This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.
1.The passage is mainly about ________.
A.the best time and place to talk to others
B.how the speaking situation helps language work
C.what to say in difficult situations
D.how our language works
2.According to the passage, we can safely say that ________.
A.the speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words
B.speaking is not very natural for most people
C.the speaking situation is not important
D.people often do not consider how talking works
3.By using the example of the word “dog”， the writer wants to show that ________.
A.a word may need to be explained in a conversation
B.a word may have different meanings
C.the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word
D.the meaning of words is not particular
4.According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word “bank” by referring to ________.
A.the time and the place where the conversation happens
B.the occupation of the person who uses the word
C.earlier or later parts of the conversation
D.a reliable dictionary
B
“How are things back at the office?” one of the gentlemen in my bicycle tour group asked me as we were nearing the end of another lengthy ride through Croatia's scenic countryside.
“I assume they are going fine，” I said. “I haven't had any contact and I don't plan to.”
“Your phone isn't on?” he asked, incredulously. “You haven't checked your email?”
“My phone is off and no, I'm not planning on checking email，” I said.
My wife Heidi and I took our children, Daniel and Rachel, on a twoweek trip to Croatia, one of the most beautiful countries in the world. We made the choice to spend some of our money on this wonderful experience so we could spend time bonding with each other and the kids.
Why would I destroy the environment we had traveled thousands of miles to create by bringing my work environment into it? That would be counterproductive to everything I wanted out of this trip. If I had worked during this experience, I would have taken time away from my family and sent them the message that work takes priority over them.
In addition to sharing this incredible experience, I wanted to take us all out of the activitydriven world we live in. If I had had my cell phone on and been constantly searching out a wireless connection to keep up with the office, I would just have brought that hyperconnected enviroment into the peaceful, meaningful world I was trying to create.
In addition to creating lifelong memories with my family, another wonderful thing happened as a result of this bike trip. As we were returning home, I was flooded with new ideas. I came up with concepts for nine blog posts and several ideas that I want to incorporate into my business.
Taking time off restored and rejuvenated me and allowed my creative spirit to really come to the surface. How can you accomplish that goal if you simply move the source of that stress to a different location?
5.From the conversation at the beginning of the text, we can infer that________.
A.the author had no access to the Internet during the tour
B.the gentleman was quite concerned about the author's
work
C.the author's phone was off because he didn't want to be disturbed
D.the speakers both experienced an unpleasant bicycle tour in Croatia
6.One of the purposes of the author's Croatia's bicycle tour is________.
A.to spend some time creating closer ties with his family
B.to experience a primitive life without phone calls
C.to tell his family that his work is more important for him
D.to escape from his boring work environment at the office
7.What would the author probably do after returning home from their bike trip?
A.He would be busy with all his office work again.
B.He would be caught in a big flood of new businesses.
C.He would have many new fresh ideas for his business.
D.He would make up for his missing blog posts during the journey.
8.The underlined word “rejuvenated” in the last paragraph means “________”.
A.get one exhausted
B.drive one mad
C.cause one to lose temper
D.make one more energetic
C (2016·河北省“五个一联盟”质检)
Assistant Professor in Musical Theatre Dance
Wichita State University seeks a fulltime, 9month assistant professor, beginning in August. Applicants are required to have a degree in dance area, teaching experience at a professional or college level, ability to direct and teach stage movement. The salary depends on qualifications and experience.
For complete information visit http://finearts. wichita. edu.
Full Professor in Theatre and Dance
The Department of Theatre and Dance at the University of California at San Diego(http://www. theatre. ucsd. edu) is seeking an experienced theatre artist in lighting design. Applicants must work for us for at least one year. Significant professional experience is required. This position is expected to teach at both graduate and undergraduate levels.
A review of applications will start on June 1st. Application deadline: September 1st.
Technical Director in Performing and Fine Arts
DeSales University's Performing and Fine Arts Department seeks a highly skilled, professional technical director. The position is a 10month staff position with the possibility of summer employment with the Pennsylvania Shakespeare Festival. Professional experience is required; MFA is preferred.
Please email materials to john.bell@desales. edu. Screening of applications begins immediately and will continue until the position is filled.
Assistant Director — Media Resources Center
Maryland Institute College of Art is seeking an assistant director of Media Resources Center in the Academic Affairs Division.
Qualifications for the position include a degree in Art History or related fields with knowledge of art and design history, library experience, excellent interpersonal communication skills and familiarity with photoshop and scanning.
A review of applications will begin immediately; job announcements will remain open until the position is filled. Applicants are required to work for us at least 11 months and can send emails to jobs@ mica. edu. The salary differs depending on your experience. Please include your desired salary in your application letter.
9.If an applicant has 9.5month free time, he or she can pay close attention to the ad of ________.
A.Full Professor in Theatre and Dance
B.Assistant Professor in Musical Theatre Dance
C.Technical Director in Performing and Fine Arts
D.Assistant Director — Media Resources Center
10.If you have excellent interpersonal communication skills, you can apply to ________.
A.Wichita State University
B.the University of California
C.DeSales University
D.Maryland Institute College of Art
11.According to the advertisements, we can learn that ________.
A.all the jobs mentioned in the text require experience
B.all the jobs mentioned above promise a good salary
C.all the reviews of applications will begin immediately
D.all the job announcements will remain open until the positions are filled
D
Earlier this year, the social media website Facebook announced that it would work with several news organisations — including The New York Times, The Guardian, and the BBC — to place news stories directly into users' personal Facebook webpage. Stories published using Facebook Instant Articles will load more quickly and keep the style of the original publisher, who will keep all the advertising income the stories earn at least for now. The deal shows how important social media has become to news organisations, and is a clear sign of how the world of news is changing and has been for a while.
When Google News began in 2002, many saw it as the death of the newspaper. It had no human editor. Instead Google used and still uses a secret computer program that selects and displays news stories according to the reader's personal interests. More recently, Associated Press and Yahoo! have been publishing computerwritten articles. Both use special software to automatically produce stories about company financial results and sports reports — areas where the quality of writing is felt to be of secondary importance to the accuracy of the data.
Should we be worried about such developments? I think we should. One concern is that Fackbook, Google and other social media websites see journalism as a sideline, a way of putting people in front of advertisements. It isn't their primary function — so if it stops making them lots of money, they're likely to stop doing it.
There's also a concern that computerwritten articles are not actually journalism at all, because what a human news team produces is actually quite complex. A wellwritten news story puts information in context, offers a voice to each side of an argument and brings the public new knowledge.
Though economics and speed of delivery mean readers will probably choose a computerwritten story over a carefully shaped article — at least for daily news — I don't think computers will be writing any indepth articles for a while yet.
12.What is the main purpose of the article?
A.To report on a new computer service offered by Facebook.
B.To advise readers against reading computerwritten news.
C.To express concerns about recent trends in online news.
D.To describe the process of online news reporting.
13.Computerwritten news reports have so far focused on sports and finance because ________.
A.these are the most popular topics for online readers
B.there are fewer journalists specialising in these areas
C.information on these topics is more easily available
D.writing style is less important than accuracy in these
areas
14.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Journalism. B.Advertising.
C.Facebook. D.Business.
15.In Paragraph 4, which of the following is mentioned as a characteristic of a wellwritten news article?
A.The information presented is up to date.
B.The author's opinion is clear.
C.Different views on the topic are presented.
D.The language used is vivid. Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
(2016·合肥市质检)
How to Help a Teenager Make Good Decisions
Habitually poor decisionmaking is actually common in teenagers. Naturally, such a habit makes parentteen cooperation difficult, especially when a parent wants his teen to do what a “responsible adolescent” would do. A poor decisionmaking teenager can never run away from his responsibilities. __16__
•Distinguish real problems from acts of pure “teenagerism”. Teens often make poor decisions simply because they don't have the experiences. By making small and harmless mistakes, like a recentlydeveloped habit of careless consuming, a teen learns good decisionmaking skills on his own via selfcorrection. __17__ Don't think the teen is making bad decisions just to challenge you. It's more likely it is out of a real inability to determine what's best for him.
•__18__ Tell your teen you understand his decisions while simply emphasizing that you don't have to agree with his decisions or treat his views as valid. By not judging his opinions, tastes or style, you are opening the road to better communication and problemsolving opportunities.
•Set clear expectations. __19__ For example, if your teen refuses to study for his math final because “math is pointless”， explain that you expect him to perform well in school, even in the “pointless” classes. Because you've already tolerated his opinion without trying to change his viewpoint, you two can easily agree that math isn't so useful, yet avoid saying “Let's just give up on math, then.”
•Find a middle ground. Trade insignificant freedoms, such as clothing style for the promise that he'll live up to academic and family responsibilities. __20__ Not only does giving up a bit of control solve many conflicts, but the extra freedom you give him can also improve his decisionmaking.
A.Show tolerance.
B.Learn to solve problems.
C.Point out your expectations and his responsibilities.
D.If your teen could realize it, allow him to be himself.
E.A responsible adolescent must have role models to learn from.
F.Therefore, it's important to guide them with problemsolving strategies.
G.Next time, he'll be more likely to think twice before making his buying decision.
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
(2016·江西省重点中学盟校联合模拟)Whenever my child caused me to change my schedule, I thought to myself，“ We don't have time for this.” __21__， the two words I most commonly spoke to my child were：“Hurry up.” But my promise to __22__ was made almost three years ago, and I began my journey to grasp what __23__ in life. My younger daughter is my living __24__ of why I must keep trying. In fact, the other day, she reminded me once again.
The two of us had taken a bike ride to the __25__. After buying a cool treat for my daughter, she sat down at a table in __26__ admiring the ice cream she held in her hand. Suddenly a look of worry __27__ on her face.“Do I have to rush, Mama?”
I could have __28__. Perhaps the pains of a __29__ life don't ever completely disappear, I thought sadly. As my child looked up at me waiting to know __30__ she could take her time, I knew I had a(n) __31__. I could sit there __32__ about the number of times when I rushed my child through life ... or I could celebrate the fact that today I'm trying to do things __33__. I chose to live in today.
“You don't have to rush. Just take your time.” I said in a(n) __34__ way. Her whole face instantly brightened and her shoulders __35__. And so we sat side by side talking about things that interested us.
When she got to the last bite, she held out a spoonful of ice crystals and sweet juice for me.“I __36__ the last bite for you, Mama，” my daughter said __37__. As I let the icy goodness put out my thirst, I __38__ I just got the deal of a lifetime. I gave my child a little time ... and __39__， she gave me her last bite and reminded me that things taste sweeter and love is __40__ to get when you stop rushing through life.
21.A.However B.Instead
C.Therefore D.Besides
22.A.speed up B.slow down
C.give up D.keep on
23.A.works B.happens
C.minds D.matters
24.A.reminder B.message
C.example D.guide
25.A.church B.park
C.supermarket D.school
26.A.relief B.sorrow
C.advance D.delight
27.A.brought in B.turned up
C.went by D.made up
28.A.cried B.hated
C.wondered D.regretted
29.A.difficult B.desperate
C.hurried D.terrified
30.A.when B.if
C.how D.what
31.A.duty B.chance
C.choice D.idea
32.A.thinking B.complaining
C.worrying D.talking
33.A.differently B.vividly
C.perfectly D.casually
34.A.angry B.obvious
C.gentle D.cautious
35.A.raised B.relaxed
C.shook D.trembled
36.A.saved B.tasted
C.purchased D.rushed
37.A.frequently B.carefully
C.proudly D.slowly
38.A.realized B.imagined
C.expected D.remembered
39.A.in contrast B.in return
C.in charge D.in control
40.A.harder B.better
C.closer D.easier 、卷灵活拆组卷(四)第卷专练(满分50分).语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2016·南宁市适应性检测)The famous painting done by Leonardo Da Vinci that everyone calls the Mona Lisa is not really called that. __1__ (it) real title is La Gioconda.
The woman in __2__ painting was the wife of a man named Francesco del Gioconda, so the painting was titled __3__ its creator La Gioconda. It was known for a time as the Madonna Lisa, __4__ may explain why it has its present name.
Leonardo created this painting over many years, __5__ (begin) in 1503. When he finished, it is debated by historians. During this time, he also was painting many other things, building sculptures, and making new __6__ (invention).
As for her famous smile, art historians still debate why she is smiling and __7__that smile represents. Everyone who sees the painting __8__ (probable) has his or her own ideas.
One last thing: Have you ever noticed that the woman in this famous painting__9__(have) no eyebrows? It's true. Look closely. Women at that time were considered more beautiful if they had their eyebrows __10__(shave).
1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5.____________
6.____________7.____________ 8.____________ 9.____________ 10.____________
.短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
(2016·昆明市第一中学考前适应性训练) One morning, Mr. Green was about to take a walk while he received a call, saying that his daughter was coming at 3 o'clock by air. So Mr. Green went to the airport to pick out her after lunch. The plane punctual arrived. The passengers got off one after others. The last one had been come out, but Mr. Green couldn't find his daughter. Just then, he felt someone pat him on his back. When looking around，he saw a young man standing there with his arms folding. The young man took off his sunglass and hat. What made Mr. Green surprised was it was just his daughter, who wore a suit of woman's clothes. She smiled to her dad, “Did I surprise you?”
.书面表达(满分25分)
(2016·河北省三市联考)假定你是高三学生李华，你的一位外国笔友Dick在英语学习中经常犯一些小错误，为此他发电子邮件给你，希望你结合自身学习经历谈谈体会。请根据以下要点给他回封邮件：
1.对待犯错的态度;
2.减少犯错误的方法;
3.你的相关经历和感受。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3.开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Dick，I'm writing to share some ideas about mistakes.-------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yours sincerely，Li Hua
Ⅰ、卷灵活拆组卷(四)
第卷专练
.阅读理解
A
语篇解读：本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。
1.选B 主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。故选B。
2.选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We do not usually think ... how it actually works”可知，选D。
3.选C 推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话“First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular”和下文的“For example”可知，下文正是用dog一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话。故选C。
4.选C 细节理解题。根据第三段所讲，作者用bank一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的含义。故选C。
B
语篇解读：作者去克罗地亚旅游时完全放下了手头的工作，尽情地游玩并且他还产生了很多新的灵感。
5.选C 推理判断题。在文章开头的对话中，作者说他把手机关机，并且没有检查电子邮件。再结合下文内容可知，他这样做是为了更好地和家人一起旅游，由此
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