北师大版高一英语上册第三单元知识点：Lesson 1 Festivals

一.重点单词 1.include v.包含，包括 Six students have been to Japan, including me. 六个学生曾去过日本，包括我。 拓展： (1)contain 指作为组成部分被包含在内，是内容物的包括。 The drink contains alcohol. 这种饮料里含有酒精。 (2)include指作为整体的一部分包括进去，是范围的包括。 His duty includes answering phones. 他的责任包括接电话。 (3) including +名词/代词 意思为 “包括...在内”。 (4) 名词/代词+ included 意思为 “...被包括在内”。 运用：选择填空 (1)Five students, ____Tom, passed the exam the other day. A. included B. including C. contain D. contained 答案：B including +名词/代词 意思为 “包括...在内”， 名词/代词+ included 意思为 “...被包括在内”。Tom included 也对。 (2) The boss has______ the broken cup in your bill. A. including B. included C. contained D. containing 答案：B include指作为整体的一部分包括进去，是范围的包括。 2.journey n.旅行 拓展： trip , tour, travel与journey的区别 journey主要指路地长途旅行， trip常指短距离的旅行，远足。 tour常指观光、考察等的环游旅行，travel指短距离或国外旅行 运用：选择填空 He likes __ to France. A. journey B. traveling C. tour D. trip 答案：B like to do/doing sth 3. power n. 1) 权,政权;权力;势力 (+over) 2) 职权;权限[C][U][+to-v] The president has the power to vote down bills. 总统有权否决议案。 3) 能力,本领 (+of) She lost her power of speech. 她失去了说话的能力。 4)力;动力,电力 The shortage of power dimmed the streets. 由于电力不足,街道昏暗。 5) (有时大写)有权力的人;有影响的机构;强国,大国 The world powers will meet in Paris this summer. 今夏世界上的大国将在巴黎聚会。 拓展： powerful adj. 有影响力的，权力大的 powerfully adv.有权势地 (1) come into power 上台、执政(强调动作) (2) the power to do sth =the power of doing sth 做……的能力 类似用法的词还有way, chance等。 (3) out of/beyond one's power 某人不能胜任的;能力所不及 (4) in power 执政，当权(强调状态) (5) have power over sb. 能支配某人 运用：选择填空 When Hitler came into___, he found the doors of the study closed to him. A. light B. power C. office D. being 答案：B come into power 上台、执政。 4.accept v.接受、应允、收受 答应 拓展： accept强调自愿主动地接受，receive强调被动接受 或收到 accept作及物动词，还表示承认,相信 ,接纳。 Mary received a gift from a friend of hers, but she didn't accept it. I can't accept my new boss. 运用：选择填空 He did____ the gift, but he didn’t____ it. A. accept; receive B. receive; accept C. accepted; receive. D. receive; accepted 答案： D accept强调自愿主动地接受，receive强调被动接受 或收到。 5.decorate vt装饰;布置 He decorated the room with flowers. 他用鲜花装饰了那间房子。 拓展： (1)decorate sth with sth 用某物装点某物 (2)decoration n 装潢，装饰品 运用： 翻译 他为了给我装修房间买了许多装饰品给我。 答案： He bought me a lot of decorations to decorate my rooms. 6.darkness 黑暗 The whole country was in thick darkness when the war broke out. 当战争爆发时，整个国家都笼罩在深深的黑暗中。 拓展： darkness与dark的区别，darkness常指一时的黑暗。dark表示经常 的黑暗或长时间的黑暗，用时需加the。 Keep sb in the dark 为某人保密 Keep sth in the dark 暗中做事 运用：选择填空 lt was ________before we got there. A. lights B. moon C. bright D. dark 答案： D dark表示经常的黑暗或长时间的黑暗。 7. occasion n. 1) 场合,时刻;重大活动,盛典[C] 2) 时机,机会 I seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner. 我抓住机会邀请她回家里吃饭。 3)起因,近因 (+of) His departure was the occasion of much sadness. 他的离别是令人十分悲伤的起因。 4) 理由;需要[U] (+for/+to-v) He has no occasion to buy another bike. 他没有必要再买一辆自行车。 拓展：occasion vt. 引起;惹起 Li Ming rude behavior occasioned a quarrel. 李明的粗鲁行为引起了一场争吵。 与occasion搭配的相关词组: by occasion of 由于,因为; on occasion(s) 偶尔,间或,有时; on the occasion of 在…之际; on this occasion 这一次 on one occasion 曾经，有一个时候 运用：完成句子 (1) 由于粗心她没有通过考试。 He failed the exam ____ occasion ___ his carelessness. 答案： by; of (2) 你没有理由卖掉这房子。 You have no occasion ___ ___ the house. 答案：to; sell 8. contribute v. 拓展：(1)捐献，贡献，增加 The terrible weather contributed to our difficulty . 恶劣的天气增加人们的困难。 (2)向……投稿 Li Lei often contributes to the magazine. 李雷经常给杂志投稿。 (3)contribution n.贡献，常用词组 make a contribution /contributions to 为……做贡献 They made great contributions to their motherland. 他为他的祖国作出了很大的贡献。 运用：选择填空 The rich man _________much money ___his hometown. A.contributed; to B.contribute; to C.contibuted to; to D.contributes to; on 答案：A contribute ...to... 有“捐献，贡献，增加,向……投稿”之意。9. destroy vt. 1) 毁坏,破坏 A fire destroyed the house. 一场火毁坏了那座房屋。 2) 杀死,消灭 3)打破(希望、计划);使失败 What she said destroyed his last hope. 她说的话摧毁了他最后的希望。 拓展：damage ,ruin ,destroy 的hurt区别 (1)damage,destroy,ruin主要用于无生命的事物， 而hurt主要用于有生命的人或动物。 (2)damage 通常表示事物的价值或功能部分受损。如： The ship was damaged in the bottom. 那条船的底部被损坏。 (3)destroy,ruin均表示事物全部被毁。如： They destroy all of the two enemy warships 他们把2艘敌舰全部歼灭。 (4)hurt 有适用范围较广，可指人或动物因各种原因导致的疼痛或损伤。如： Children are liable to get hurt when they play. 孩子们在玩耍时易受伤。 运用：翻译下列句子 (1)In crowded populations, poverty destroys the possibility of cleanliness.(George Bernard Shaw) 答案： 在人口拥挤的地方，贫困使清洁毫无可能。(乔治•伯纳德•肖) (2)Too much money destroys as surely as too little.(John Simon) 答案：过多的钱和过少的钱一样会带来破坏作用。(约翰•西蒙) (3)The floods did a lot of damage to the crops. 答案：洪水使庄稼受到了很大损失。 10. serve vt. 1) 为...服务;为...服役 serve the people 为人民服务 2) 供应 (+with) 3) 侍候(顾客等);供应(饭菜);端上 (+to/with) The girl served me a cup of coffee. 那女孩给我端上一杯咖啡。 4)任(职);服(刑);当(学徒) (+as/for/in) She served two years in prison. 他坐过八年牢。 5)适合(特定用途或目的);对...有用;供...使用[+to-v] My old bike serves me very well. 我那辆旧自行车对我很有用。 拓展： serve vi. 1)服务;服役;供职;帮佣 (+in/on/under) His father served in the navy during the FirstWorld War. 他的父亲在第一次世界大战期间在海军服役。 2)招待,侍候;上酒,端菜 Ann is serving at the table. 安在侍候进餐。 3)适用;有用;足够 (+for/as/+to-v) A simple example will serve to prove my point. 一个简单的例子可以证明我的这一点。 运用：翻译下列句子 (1)必须教育孩子长大后为国家服务。 答案：Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up. (2)他的父亲坐过几年牢。 答案：His father served several years as a prisoner. 11. sticky adj. 粘的;涂有粘胶物质的;泥泞的 My son’s fingers are sticky with jam. 他的手沾了酱,粘糊糊的。 拓展： sticky 当形容词还有： 1)(口)湿热的 The climate there is sticky. 那里的气候湿热。 2)(口)棘手的,麻烦的 The man put her a sticky position. 那个男的将她置于一个困难的境地。 3) (口)过于多情的,易感伤的 4) 不灵活的,易卡住的 5) sticky finger可以原来形容爱小偷小摸的人 Tom has sticky fingers 运用：翻译下列句子 那位爱小偷小摸的人非常喜欢吃糯米，因为他喜欢吃粘性食物。 答案：The man who has sticky fingers likes sticky rice, because he likes sticky food. 二.重点词组 1.drive away 赶走、驱赶 He drove the dog away. 他赶走了那条狗。 drive vt. 1) 驾驶(汽车等) I don't know how to drive a car. 我不会开车。 2) 用车送(人) I'll drive you to the airport. 我将会开车送你去机场。 3) 驱赶,赶走 He drove the sheep down the hill. 他把羊群往山下赶。 4)驱动(机器) The machine is driven by electricity. 这机器用电力驱动。 5) 迫使;逼迫 They drove her to admit it. 他们逼迫她承认。 拓展：(1) drive off 驱逐，击退 We drove off the enemies.我们击退了敌人。 (2) drive sb mad 把某人逼疯了 Don't drive me mad. 别把我逼疯了。 运用：选择填空 The difficulty___ her mad. A. makes B. drove C. lets D. goes 答案：B drive sb mad 意思是“ 把某人逼疯了”。2.take part in 参与，参加 Many students take part in our sports meeting every year. 每年都有许多学生参加运动会。 拓展:take part in,join in 与 join的区别: (1) take part in意为“参加”，指参加群众性的活动，侧重于成为活动的主体， 有时可以与join in互换，但表示“参加会议”时多用take part in，take part in 后面不 带宾语时则不用in。 (2) join in 意为“加入”，“参与某种活动”， 后接名词或动词-ing形式，join sb in (doing)sth意为“参加某人的活动”， join in多指参加正在进行的活动，也可单独使用，即 join sb。 (3) join 指加入某一个团队或组织而成为其中的一员。 运用：选择填空 Will you___us ___her birthday? A.join; in celebrating B. join in; celebrating C. take part in; celebrating D. join; to celebrate 答案：A join sb in (doing)sth意为“参加某人的活动”。 3.put out v.扑灭 Please put out fire. 请把火扑灭。 put out 还有以下几种意思： 1) 伸出 It's dangerous to put out your hand now. 现在你把手伸出去是危险的。 2) 熄灭 Put out the fire before going to bed. 睡觉之前先熄掉炉火。 3) 出版 put out 与 go out 表示“熄灭”的区别： put out (人)使火熄灭 I put out the fire. 我扑灭了火。 go out(火自己)熄灭 The fire has gone out. 火自己熄灭了。 拓展： (1) put aside 忽视，不理会 (2) put through 完成，使成功 (3) put away把...放回原处，攒钱 (4) put up 表现，提出(意见等) (5) put down 降落，着陆 (6) put off 推迟 运用：选择填空 The sports meeting must be____ because of the bad weather. A. put off B. put C. put aside D. put on 答案：A put off 推迟 ，put aside 忽视，不理会 。 三.重点句型 1.be said to+v 据说 拓展：(1) be said to be/do 据说做某事 如： The book is said to be good.据说这是一本好书。 (2) be said to be doing 据说正在做某事 如： She is said to be working on a new novel. 据说她正在写一本新小说。 (3) be said to have done 据说已经做了某事 如：She is said to have written 3 novels.据说她已经写了三本小说。 运用：翻译下列句子 (1)据说他是班里为勤奋的学生。 答案：He is said to be the most hard-working in his class. (2)据说她正在日本学习。 答案： She is said to be studying in Japan. (3)据说他已写了三本小说。 答案： He is said to have written three novels. 2.while 当……时，在……时候 I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking. 当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。 拓展：有很多意思，可以用在许多从句中。 (1) 当……时，在……时候，和……同时，引导时间状语从句。 如： His sister was watching TV while Tom was doing his homework. 当汤姆正在做作业时，他姐姐正在看电视。 (2) 只要，引导条件状语从句。 如： I will go with you while he helps me. 只要他将帮我，我就将和你一起去。 (3) 虽然，尽管， 引导让步状语从句。 如： While he has many shortcomings, she still loves him. 尽管他有许多缺点，但她依然爱他。 (4) 表对此关系。 如： Kate likes music while her twin sister likes sports. 运用：翻译下列句子 (1) 他在看书时睡着了。 答案： He fell asleep while(he was) reading. (2)有生命就有希望。 答案： While there is life ,there is hope.有 (3)尽管他昨天病了，但他还是去帮她了。 答案：While he was ill yesterday he went to help her. (4)我喜欢数学，而我的兄弟却喜欢英语。 答案：I like math while my brother likes English. 四.长句辩析 1. Traditional moon cakes are usually made with.... 拓展： 1)be made with 表示构成某一物品的主要原材料。 The cake is made with flour. 蛋糕主要是由面粉做成的。 2)be made of 和be made from 都有“由原材料制成”但后者表示某一物品由某材料制成后， 原材料已看不出。 运用：翻译下列句子 (1)有的鞋子是用布做的。 答案：Some shoes are made of cloth. (2)纸是由木材做成的。 答案：The paper is made from wood. (3)木材能被制成纸。 答案：Wood can be made into paper. 2. in the past, lanterns.... 拓展： (1)light的过去式和过去分词同分别是lit/lit 和lighted/lighted. 作谓语时，两者都可使用，但做定语时只能用lighted。如： He lighted/lit the candle 他点燃了蜡烛。 (2)be decorated with 布置，装饰有 The hall is decoraterd with flowers 大厅里布置上了鲜花。 运用：改错 This is a lit cigarette. 答案：lit改为lighted